There are thousands of types of plastics in the world because lightweight, durable, and hygienic plastic products are essential to modern society. Plastics are used in construction, healthcare, consumer electronics, and food packaging, among other areas. Without them, everyday life would be significantly affected in many ways; one consequence being increased food waste, as fresh products would spoil much faste.
Bio-based and recycled plastics reduce CO₂ emissions
Traditionally, plastics have been made from fossil raw materials such as crude oil and natural gas. But plastics can also be made from renewable resources like corn or tall oil. These bio-based plastics can help cut the carbon emissions caused by plastic production. The same goal is being pursued with biodegradable plastics and recycled materials.
Regardless of their origin, all plastics share many similarities — in their chemistry, uses, and challenges. One of plastic’s greatest strengths is its durability, but that can easily become a problem when plastic ends up in the environment. Even biodegradable plastics don’t break down quickly enough in natural conditions. The time it takes to decompose can vary greatly depending on the environment.
Still, progress is being made. According to scenario work by Plastics Europe(you are switching to another service), by 2050 bio-based plastics could account for nearly 17 % of all plastics used, and recycled plastics for about 65 %. New possibilities are also emerging with so-called carbon capture and utilization (CCU) plastics, which are made using carbon dioxide captured from industrial processes such as waste incineration.
Avoiding unnecessary consumption matters most
Replacing conventional plastics isn’t easy. New materials must be carefully evaluated: Are they safe for users? How much do they consume natural resources? What are their true life-cycle emissions and economic impacts?
No single material can yet replace plastics entirely. The best way to use plastics more responsibly is to avoid unnecessary consumption and single-use products. That also helps reduce plastic litter. Ultimately, these are broader societal and global issues, not just problems of plastic itself.
As change unfolds, we all need support and incentives from society. Legislation has already succeeded in limiting, for example, the use of single-use plastic straws. Consumers can also be supported with clearer sorting and recycling instructions. Meanwhile, companies are actively developing better recycling systems and new, more sustainable materials.
When regulation consistently guides us toward more sustainable choices and when the environmental impacts of plastics are clearly explained to consumers, it becomes easier for all of us to choose options that put less strain on nature and help conserve resources.
Jenni Syvänne
Project manager, Muovipoli Oy; PlastLIFE project partner
firstname.lastname@muovipoli.fi
Photo: Adobe Stock
